Cabanga lokhu: uthisha wesiNgisi esikoleni samabanga aphezulu uhlezi etafuleni lakhe ngeSonto ntambama, ikhofi libanda eceleni kwakhe, kusebenza enqwabeni yezindatshana zabafundi. Okunye okushiwoyo kumisa umoya wakhe. Izwi lihlungiwe kahle, izimpikiswano zisobala ngaphandle kokusala, ukushintsha phakathi kwemisho kushelelelekile, kodwa kukhona okungaqondakali. Akuzwakali ngendlela efana nomfundi owehlulekile emkhulumweni ekilasini izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwalokho. Uyayidlulisa esihloleni esiyisisekelo sokubona ukukopela, bese kukhishwa ukuthi ayikho inkinga. Uyayizama nomhloli we-AI wamahhala, kuvela umphumela ongenakucaca. Usele nomuzwa wesisu, kungekho bufakazi, futhi kungekho indlela ecacile yokuthi kufanele aqhubeke kanjani.
Lesi simo siyenzeka emakilasini emhlabeni jikelele. Kusukela amathuluzi okubhala e-AI afana ne-ChatGPT, Gemini, ne-Claude atholakala kabanzi futhi mahhala, othisha bazithole sebenkene endaweni enzima: ukugcina amazinga obuqotho bezemfundo okwakungaklanyelwanga umhlaba lapho umfundi engakhiqiza indatshana ephelele, ezwakala okwangempela, ngaphansi kwemizuzwana engamashumi amathathu. Umbuzo awusasekho wokuthi i-AI iyashintsha imfundo yini. Iyashintsha. Umbuzo wangempela ukuthi othisha kufanele benzeni ngayo.
Imithetho Endala Ayisasifanele
Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka, imigomo yokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bezemfundo kwakhiwa phezu kombono olula: uma umfundi ethumela umsebenzi ongowakhe, umhloli wokukopela uzowubamba ngokuwuqhathanisa nombhalo wesizinda sezinto ezikhona. Lawa mathuluzi ayijwayela ezikoleni nasezikhungweni zaseyunivesithi ngoba ukukopela okusebenzisa i-AI, ngendlela ekhona manje, kwakungekho.
Manje la mathuluzi asevele engasebenzi ngokukhulu uma kuziwa ekutholeni okuveliswe yi-AI. Uma umfundi ekopela umbhalo kusayithi noma ephepheni elishicilelwe, lowo mbhalo usuvele ukhona kwenye indawo futhi ungabhalwa. Kodwa uma umfundi ecela i-AI ukuthi ibhale indatshana, umphumela uvela okusha. Akukho dokhumenti lomsuka okufanele kuqhathaniswe nayo. Abahloli bokukopela abajwayelekile abakhelwanga ukubona ukubhala okwenziwa yi-AI, futhi ukulungisa amasistimu amadala kungawenzi afanele inkinga othisha abhekene nayo manje.
Ukuqhubeka kwenza izinto zibe nzima nakakhulu: okuveliswe yi-AI sekungakwazi ukuguqulelwa phakathi kwezilimi bese kuthunyelwa ngaphandle komkhondo. Umfundi angacela i-AI ukuthi ibhale indatshana kolunye ulimi bese eyidlulisa emshinini wokuhumusha ngaphambi kokuyithumela. Abahloli bokukopela abajwayelekile abagcina belanda ngolimi olulodwa kuphela bazokuphuthelwa ngokuphelele lokhu, yingakho ukuhlolwa kokukopela okuhumushiwe phakathi kwezilimi sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiliphi ithuluzi elibucayi lokugcina ubuqotho bezemfundo.
Ugebe phakathi kwenqubomgomo yesikhungo kanye nesimo esigcembe emhlabeni wangempela sekungakabanzi nakakhulu. Izikole eziningi zisahumusha ngamasethi wencwadi yemithetho yobuqotho ezemfundo eyabhalwa eminyakeni edlule noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka edlule. Imisho efana nokuthi “ukuthumela umsebenzi ongowakho” iba mnyama ngokombono lapho umfundi esebenzisa nje ikhibhodi ukuthayipha umyalo, ebuyekeza umphumela, mhlawumbe enza izinguquko ezincane endleleni. Imithetho ayikakafiki, futhi othisha abaqondisa le mithetho bashiywa ngokuzama ukuchaza izindawo ezimpunga bona ngokwabo, ngaphandle kweseluleko esifanele noma ukusekelwa.
I-Dilemma Yothisha
Ngaphandle kwenkinga yenqubomgomo, kukhona okunzima kakhulu ngokobuntu. Othisha nabaphathi basemanyuvesi babekwa esimweni esingaphatheki, sokudlala umphenyi, futhi izingozi ziphezulu ezinhlangothini zombili.
Ukusola umfundi ngokusebenzisa i-AI ngaphandle kobufakazi obuqinile kuyindaba enkulu. Kungalimaza amarekhodi emfundo yomfundi, kuqinise ubudlelwano phakathi kothisha nomfundi, futhi kwezinye izimo kungaholela ezinqubweni ezisemthethweni zokujeziswa. Kodwa nokuhlala uthule lapho kusolwa kakhulu ukukopela okusebenzisa i-AI kufana nokukhohlisa konke ubuqotho bezemfundo obufanele bume phezu kwakho. Othisha bahlukaniswe phakathi kokuvikela abafundi ekusolweni okungafanele nokuvikela inani lomsebenzi othembekile.
Lokhu kungaqiniseki kuthatha umthelela wangempela ngokomzwelo. Othisha abaningi babika ukuthi bazizwa benengcindezi, bengasizi, futhi bengasekelwa lapho behamba kulezi zimo. Umthwalo wokungakwazi ukuthemba umsebenzi othunyelwe, wokungabaze yonke imisho eyakhiwe kahle, nokuzibuza ukuthi ngabe umfundi uthole ibanga lakhe noma walikhipha emshinini, kunciphisa ngokuthula injabulo yokufundisa kubo othisha abaningi. Ukwethembana, okwakuyisisekelo esithuleyo sekilasi, manje sekubhekene nokucindezeleka ngendlela okunzima ukuyilungisa.
Othisha abakudingayo akukhona ithuluzi lokuthola kuphela, kodwa indlela ephelele yokusebenza ebasiza ukuthi babone izinkinga ezingase zibe khona, baqonde uhlobo lwalezo zinkinga, bese benza kuzo ngokuzethemba. Lokho kuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho amathuluzi amaningi akhona manje aklanyelwe ukukufinyelela.
Kungani Amathuluzi Ajwayelekile Okuthola i-AI Ayanele
Njengoba kukhuphuka okuqukethwe okwenziwa yi-AI ezindaweni zemfundo, kwangena amagagasi amathuluzi okuthola i-AI emakethe, ethembisa ukuxazulula inkinga. Amathuluzi athi angathola ukubhala okwenziwa yi-AI ngokunemba okuphezulu asethandwa ngokushesha, kodwa iqiniso libonise ukuthi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Inkinga enkulu ngamathuluzi amaningi okuthola i-AI ukuthi awathembekile. Ucwaningo nokuhlolwa emhlabeni wangempela kube kufakazele njalo ukuthi lawa mathuluzi akhiqiza amazinga aphezulu kokubili “ama-false positives” kanye “nama-false negatives”. I-false positive kusho ukuthi indatshana ebhalwe umuntu ibhalwe njengeyokwenziwa yi-AI, okungaholela ekutheni umfundi omsulwa asolwe ngokukhohlisa. I-false negative kusho ukuthi okuqukethwe okwenziwe yi-AI kudlula kungatholwa. Zombili lezi zimo azisizi othisha noma abafundi.
Okubi nakakhulu: amaningi alawa mathuluzi asebenza ngesiNgisi kuphela. Ezikoleni nasezikhungweni lapho abantu behlukahlukene ngezilimi, lokhu kuyisithiyo esikhulu. Abafundi ababhala ngeSpanishi, isiFilipino, isiFulentshi, isi-Arabhu, noma ezinye izilimi eziningi empeleni ababonakali kulawa mathuluzi okuthola okwakhelwe kuphela ulimi olulodwa.
Amathuluzi okubhala e-AI nawo ayashintsha ngokushesha futhi manje angacelwa ukuthi abhale ngendlela engakahleleki, engaphelele, ezwakala njengomuntu ikakhulukazi ukuze agweme ukutheleka. Abafundi bathole ukuthi ukucela i-AI ukuthi ibhale ngamaphutha aqondile noma ngohlobo olukhulume kakhulu kungadambisa amathuluzi amaningi okuthola indatshana e-AI. Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukutolela ukubhala kwe-AI buhlala buyisinyathelo ngemuva kobuchwepheshe obukhiqiza lokho okubhalwa. Yingakho ukuhlukaniswa kwemininingwane kumazinga emisho (sentence-level breakdown), kunokubheka amaphuzu okukodwa nje jikelele, kubalulekile othisha abafuna ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi i-AI isetshenziswe kuphi futhi kanjani kudokhumenti.
Okubukeka Njengethuluzi Elithembekile Lobuqotho Bezemfundo
Akubona bonke amathuluzi okuthola ukukopela nokuthola i-AI afanayo, futhi umehluko wawo uba mkhulu kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngezinqumo zezemfundo. Ithuluzi eliwusizo ngempela othisha kumele lenze izinto eziningana kahle ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Okokuqala, kumele libe nekhono lokusebenza ngezilimi eziningi. Izikhungo zemfundo emhlabeni wonke zisebenza ngezilimi ezingaphezu kwamashumi, futhi ithuluzi elibamba kuphela ukukopela okwenziwa yi-AI ngesiNgisi alisebenzi ngempela emphakathini wemfundo womhlaba. I-Plag.ai’s AI detector isekela ngaphezu kwe-50 izilimi zokuthola i-AI nokungaphezu kwe-100 izilimi zokuhlola ukukopela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi othisha ePhilippines, kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eLatin America, nase-Asia bangathembela kuleyo nkundla efanayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunemba ngenxa yolimi lwedokhumenti elithunyelwayo.
Okwesibili, kumele kube okungaphezu nje kokuthola amaphuzu owodwa. Ithuluzi elitshela othisha ukuthi idokhumenti “ifana ngo-74%” ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuthi yimiphi imisho ethile emenyezelwe, akulona nje ulwazi olungase lusetshenziswe. Okudingwa othisha ukuhlukaniswa kwemisho (sentence-level breakdown) okugqamisa ngokucacile ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zomsebenzi othunyelwayo okungenzeka zibe yi-AI noma zibe ukukopela, kanye nezixhumanisi ezidokhumenti zemvelaphi lapho ukutholakala kuvela khona. Lona izinga lemininingwane lenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba kube nengxoxo enolwazi, esekelwe ebufakazini, nomfundi kunokwenza isinqumo ngokucabanga nje okusondele emathubeni.
Okwesithathu, kumele ikwazi ukubamba ukukopela okuhumushiwe. I-Plag.ai inikeza ukuhlolwa kokukopela okuhumushiwe phakathi kwezilimi (cross-language translated plagiarism detection), okuyisici esikhethekile esikhomba uma okuqukethwe kuhumushiwe kusuka kolunye ulimi ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Lokhu kuvala elinye lamaphuzu avulekile amakhulu ekuhlolweni kokukopela okudala futhi kunikeza othisha umbono ophelele kakhulu mayelana nokwangempela kwedokhumenti.
Okwesine, kumele ikhiqize umbiko ongadawunilodwa, ongalandelwa wabelwane. Uma uthisha ebona inkinga engase ibe khona yobuqotho, kumele akwazi ukuyibhala phansi. I-Plag.ai ikhiqiza umbiko we-PDF ongadawunilodwa wokuqala (originality report) ongabelwana nabaphathi, abafundi, noma amakomidi obuqotho bezemfundo, unikeze i-paper trail ecacile evikela kokubili uthisha nomfundi phakathi kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlola.
Ekugcineni, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ezikhungweni zemfundo, kumele ivikele ubumfihlo. Enye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu othisha nabafundi uma bethumela amadokhumenti kumathuluzi eceleni (third-party) wubungozi bokuthi lawo dokhumenti afakwe enhlabathini yokuhlonza uma kuqhathaniswa noma abelwane nezinye izikhungo. I-Plag.ai isebenza ngomgomo oqinile wokuthi ubumfihlo kuqala: amadokhumenti awaze abelwe nezikhungo, awaze afakwe ezizindeni zokuphathelene uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi awaze asatshalaliswe kwamanye ama-third parties. Okungokwakho kuhlala kungokwakho.
Okuzanywa Othisha Ekilasini
Ebizwa amathuluzi anganele nemigomo yakudala, othisha abaningi sebeqalile ukucabanga kabusha indlela yabo kusukela phansi. Esikhundleni sokuzama ukubamba ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI ngemva kokuba kwenzekile, abanye sebeqamba kabusha imisebenzi ngendlela eyenza okuveliswe yi-AI kungabi wusizo kakhulu ekuqaleni.
Enye yezindlela ezisebenza kakhulu ezithola umfutho wukubuyisela ukuhlolwa kokubhala emuva ekilasini. Imisebenzi yokubhala eyenziwa esekilasini ngaphansi kokugadwa isusa ithuba lokuba i-AI ibe khona. Othisha abathile bayihlanganisa nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-oral defenses, lapho abafundi kufanele bachaze ngomlomo futhi bandise emsebenzini ebhaliwe ababewuthumele. Uma umfundi engakwazi ukukhuluma ngemibono ese-esiyaki yakhe, igebe liyabonakala ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeke noma yimuphi umhloli we-AI.
Abanye baphendukela emiyalweni yokusebenza ecaciswe kakhulu, enobuntu kakhulu. Ukucela abafundi ukuthi babhale ngemicimbi ethile yasendaweni, okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu, noma isihloko esincane kakhulu esingadinga ulwazi lwangempela (firsthand knowledge) kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi i-AI ikhiqize okuthile okholisayo. Amathuluzi e-AI asebenza kakhulu uma enikezwa imiyalelo ebanzi, ejwayelekile. Lapho umsebenzi ucacile futhi uthinta umuntu, i-AI iba yize kakhudlwana.
Ukugreda okusekelwe kunqubo (process-based grading) kungenye indlela edonsa ukunakwa. Esikhundleni sokuhlola kuphela idokhumenti lokugcina elithunyelwayo, manje othisha bacela abafundi ukuthi bathumele amanothi okucabanga (brainstorming notes), okusalungiswa okuningana (multiple drafts), amarekhodi okwenziwa kokubuyekezwa kontanga (peer review records), nemibhalo yocwaningo (research logs) kanye nomsebenzi wabo wokugcina. Le paper trail yenza kube nzima kakhulu ukwenza sengathi inqubo yokufunda yenziwa, ngoba injongo yomsebenzi ishintsha kusuka ekukhiqizeni umkhiqizo opholishiwe kuya ekuboniseni ukukhula kwangempela kobuhlakani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kubathanda ukusekela abafundi kunokuba babajezise nje, amathuluzi afana nesevisi yokususwa kokukopela (plagiarism removal service) kanye nesevisi yokwenza okuqukethwe kube “humanized” (expert humanization service) ye-Plag.ai anikeza indlela yokwakha phambili. Esikhundleni sokuphatha idokhumenti eligqanyisiwe njengengasekho, lezi sevisi zisiza abafundi baqonde ukuthi yini egqanyisiwe nokuthi bangayibhala kanjani kabusha ngokufanele, futhi lokhu kuphendulela isigameko esingase sibe yinkinga yobuqotho bezemfundo kube yithuba langempela lokufunda. Abafundi bangasebenzisa futhi ukuhlolwa kokukopela okukhululekile (free plagiarism check) ukubukeza umsebenzi wabo ngaphambi kokuthumela, okuhlela isiko lokuzihlola nokuba nobuqiniso kunesiko lokugwema nokusola.
Ingxoxo Enkulu Izikole Okudingeka Ziyenze
Kungaba iphutha ukubheka lokhu njengokumele othisha ngabanye bakuxazulule bodwa. Ukwanda kokuqukethwe okwenziwa yi-AI ezindaweni zemfundo kuyinselelo yesistimu (systemic challenge) edinga impendulo yesistimu, futhi akufanele kushiywe othisha ukuthi bakuthole kuhleli ikilasi neklasi, kanye nomsebenzi nomsebenzi.
Izikole namanyuvesi kumele zibheke ngokucophelela imigomo yokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bezemfundo futhi bayibuyekeze ukuze ibhekane ne-AI ngokucacile. Lokhu kusho ukuchaza ngokusobala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI okwamukelekile nokungamukelekile kuyini, ngoba akusikho konke ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI okufana nokukopela okwenziwa yi-AI. Ukusebenzisa i-AI ukudweba imibono kuhlukile ngokuphelele ekuthumeleni umsebenzi owakhiwe ngokuphelele yi-AI njengowakho. Imithetho ecacile, enemininingwane, isiza kokubili abafundi othisha ukuthi bahambe kulezo zihlukaniso ngaphandle kokudideka.
Abaphathi (administrators) nabo banomthwalo wokunikeza othisha ukuqeqeshwa, izinsiza, nezinhlelo zokusekela ezisesikhathini. I-Plag.ai ibona le nhlobo ngokunikeza i-akhawunti yamahhala yothisha evumela othisha, osolwazi, nabakhulumi (lecturers) ukuthi bahlolisise amadokhumenti afinyelela ku-20 ngenyanga ngaphandle kokukhokha, nokukwazi ukuthola imibiko abafundi abayabelane ngayo ngqo kuleyo platform. Lokhu kusho ukuthi othisha bangaqala ngaphandle kwebanga lokuthi bazothola imali, futhi abafundi bangabelana ngemibiko yabo yobuqiniso nothisha njengengxenye yenqubo yokuthumela, kwakhe indlela ecacile, yokubambisana, yokugcina ubuqotho bezemfundo.
Abenzi bezinqumo ezingeni lesifunda nezwe (policymakers) nabo kumele bangene kule ngxoxo. I-AI emfundweni akuyona inkinga encane. Iyaguqula indawo yonke yokufunda nokuhlola, futhi impendulo ehlukene esikoleni nesikoleni ngeke yanele. Umhlahlandlela ohlanganisiwe, uxhaso locwaningo lokuthola okungcono, nokuhlanganiswa ngokucabangela kwamathuluzi athembekile afana ne-Plag.ai emisebenzini yezikhungo konke kuyingxenye yesixazululo esikhulu.
Isiphetho
Ukwanda kwamathuluzi okubhala e-AI akuzange nje kudale indlela entsha yokukhohlisa. Kuphakamise ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo okudingekayo mayelana nokuthi imfundo empeleni ikumele ibe ngani. Uma inhloso yomsebenzi obhaliwe iwukukhiqiza idokhumenti elipholishiwe nje, i-AI ngempela yenza lokho kube lula kakhulu ukukukhipha ukuze kuxhunywe kumuntu noma emshinini. Kodwa uma inhloso kuwukuthuthukisa ukucabanga okujulile, ukuzijwayeza ukuxhumana ngemibono eyinkimbinkimbi, nokubonisa ukuqonda kwangempela, khona-ke i-AI ayikwazi ukukuthatha indawo, futhi othisha banethuba lokuklama ukuhlolwa okubonisa leyo migomo ejulile.
Impendulo akukhona ukuqhubeka impi elahlekile ngokumelene nobuchwepheshe okuzoqhubeka buba bukhudlwana. Impendulo wukuzivumelanisa ngokucabangela, unikeze othisha amathuluzi asebenzayo ngempela, bese kwakhiwa amasistimu enza ubuqotho kube lula ukuyigcina kunokuyigwema. Lokho kusho ukukhetha amathuluzi okuthola ukukopela ne-AI anabasebenzisi ngezilimi eziningi, anembile, agxile kubumfihlo, futhi akhelwe izimo zemfundo yesimanje—hhayi ikilasi lemva kweminyaka eyishumi edlule.
I-Plag.ai yakhiwe kucatshangwa ngqo lokhu. Inamathemba kubafundi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.5 futhi isetshenziswa othisha emhlabeni wonke, ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokukopela, ukutholwa kwe-AI, ukutholwa kokukopela okuhumushiwe, nezinsiza zokusekela ezivela kochwepheshe ku-platform eyodwa esebenzela lonke umphakathi wezemfundo. Noma ngabe ungothisha ozama ukuvikela ubuqotho bekilasi lakho noma ungumfundi ofuna ukuthumela ngokuzethemba, i-Plag.ai ikunikeza amathuluzi okwenza ngendlela efanele.
Ngakho nansi umbuzo ofanele ukuhlala nawo: esikhundleni sokubuza ukuthi sibamba kanjani abafundi abasebenzisa i-AI, kuthiwani uma siqala ukubuza ukuthi sakha kanjani isiko lezemfundo lapho ubuqotho busekelwa, ubunjalo buvuzwa, futhi amathuluzi afanele enza ubuqotho kube yindlela elula kunazo zonke?
