Usanda kufaka iphepha lakho ku-umhloli wokukopela (plagiarism checker) kanti inani lokufana (similarity score) libuye liphakeme kunalokho obukukulindele. Noma ngabe ungumfundi oxhumanisa umsebenzi wakhe weziqu noma ungumcwaningi olungiselela i-manuscript ukuze uyithumele ephephabhukwini, inani eliphezulu lokukopela alisho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi wenze okungalungile — kodwa lisho ukuthi kufanele uthathe izinyathelo ngokucophelela.
Ukususa ukukopela ephepheni akukhona ukufihla ukufana. Kumayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imibono oyethulayo ibhalwe ngendlela eqotho, ikhishwe ngokunembile, futhi isekelwe ekucabangeni kwakho. Lo mhlahlandlela ukukuyisa kokukwenza ngendlela ecacile, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ngaphandle kokukhipha incazelo noma ikhwalithi emsebenzini wakho.
Kusho ukuthini ngempela ukuthi “ususe” ukukopela (plagiarism) ephepheni?
Ukukopela (plagiarism) ekubhaleni kwemfundo kubhekisela ekwethuleni imibono, amagama, noma ukwakheka komunye umuntu njengokungathi kungokwakho — kungaba ngamabomu noma ungazi. Abafundi abaningi bayamangala ukuthola ukuthi ngisho nombhalo obhalwe kabusha ngokufanayo kahle (proper paraphrased text) ungaba ngaphansi kwesexwayiso uma ukwakheka kwemisho kufana kakhulu naleyo ekuvela kuyo umthombo.
Ukususa ukukopela kuhilela izenzo ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukubhala kabusha okuqukethwe ngamazwi akho, ukwengeza ukucaphuna (citations) okusemthethweni kanye nemininingwane yemithombo lapho kudingeka, nokususa noma ukuhlela kabusha izingxenye ezibonakala zilingisa kakhulu umthombo wazo. Akusho ukuthi nje ushintshe amagama ngomqondo ofanayo — lesi esinye samaphutha avame kakhulu enziwa abafundi.
Umazisa kanjani ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zephhepha lakho ezikopishiwe?
Ngaphambi kokuthi ulungise ukukopela, udinga ukwazi ukuthi kukhona kuphi ngqo. Uma ufaka idokhumenti yakho ku-umhloli wokukopela okuthembekile njenge-Plag, uthola umbiko onemininingwane yokufana (similarity report) ogqamisa umbhalo ohambisana nemithombo, unikeza izixhumanisi zemithombo, futhi uhlolisisa izinga lobungozi (risk level) lengxenye ngayinye ecasuliwe.
Umbiko ka-Plag osebenzisa imibala uhlukanisa phakathi kokucaphuna okungafanele (purple), ukucaphuna okusemthethweni (green), kanye nokuqukethwe okubhalwe kabusha kodwa kusabalisa kakhulu nomthombo (orange). Lokhu kukunika umzila ocacile wokuthi yini okudingeka ilungiswe ngempela — ukuze ungachithi isikhathi ubhala kabusha izingxenye ezivele zihambisana nemithetho.
Awasho ukuthini ngempela amaphuzu ahlukahlukene okulingana (similarity scores)?
Ukubhala kabusha ngendlela ephumelelayo (effective paraphrasing) kuyikhono, hhayi indlela yokusheshisa. Inhloso wukuthatha umqondo emthonjeni bese uwuveza ngokuphelele ngolimi lwakho, usacaphuna umbhali wokuqala. Nansi indlela yokukwenza kahle:
- Funda umbhalo wokuqala ngokugcwele, bese uwavale noma uwunciphise ngaphambi kokubhala inguqulo yakho.
- Gxila emcabangweni, hhayi emazwini. Zibuze: umthombo uthi yini ngempela?
- Shintsha ukwakheka kwemisho ngokuphelele — hhayi amagama ngamunye kuphela.
- Ngemva kokubhala inguqulo yakho, yqhathanise nomthombo wokuqala ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zihluke ngokwakheka.
- Hlala ufaka i-citation esezingeni lombhalo (in-text citation), ngisho nangezinto ezibhalwe kabusha — umqondo usengowombhali wokuqala.
Khumbula: ukubhala kabusha ngaphandle kokucaphuna kuseyinkohliso (plagiarism), noma ngabe amagama uwedwa ngokuphelele.
Uqondana nini ukuthi kufanele ucaphune ngokuqondile kunokuba ubhale kabusha?
Ukucaphuna ngokuqondile kufanele kusetshenziswe kancane — ngokuvamile kuphela lapho amagama aqondile omthombo enokubaluleka okuthile, njengencazelo yomthetho noma isitatimende okuthiwa sihlaziywa ngokwawo amagama aso. Uma ucaphuna ngokuqondile, sebenzisa amaphuzu okucaphuna (quotation marks) bese unikeza i-citation ephelele kuhlanganisa nenombolo yekhasi lapho kusebenza khona.
Uyilungisa kanjani imicaphuno engalungile noma engekho?
Ukungabikho kwemicaphuno (missing citations) kungaphakathi kwezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokukopela okungahlosile. Uma usebenzise umqondo, inani (statistic), impikiswano (argument), noma idatha evela komunye umthombo — noma ngabe ngokungaqondile — udinga i-citation. Umbiko wokufana ka-Plag uxhumanisa ngqo nemithombo ehambisana nezingxenye eziphawuliwe kudokhumenti yakho, okwenza kube lula ukuthola ireferensi yoqobo bese wengeza i-citation efanele ngaphandle kokusesha ukusuka ekuqaleni.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-citation ne-reference?
I-citation iwuphawu olufushane lombhalo ngaphakathi (isb., Smith, 2021, p. 34). I-reference iwukufakwa kwebhayibheli (bibliographic entry) okuphelele ekugcineni kwephepha lakho okuvumela umfundi ukuthi athole leyo mithombo ngokuzimela. Zombili ziyadingeka — i-in-text citation ngaphandle kokuba kube ne-reference entry kuhlu lokugcina ayiphelele, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
Kuthiwani ngokukopela ngomsebenzi wakho (self-plagiarism) — ungakwazi ukukopela umsebenzi wakho?
Yebo, futhi kuvame kakhulu kunalokho abafundi abaningi abakucabangayo. Ukuthumela iphepha elifanayo (noma izingxenye zephepha) ezifundweni ezingaphezu kweyodwa ngaphandle kwemvume ecacile kuthathwa njengokuzikopela (self-plagiarism). Uma wakha phezu komsebenzi wakho wangaphambilini, yivume lokhu ngokusobala — phatha ukubhala kwakho kwasekuqaleni njengomthombo bese ukufaka ngendlela efanele ngokucaphuna.
U-Plag angakusiza kanjani ukususa nokuvimbela ukukopela (plagiarism)?
I-Plag ihlinzeka ngaphezu nje kokuthola i-similarity score. Isevisi yayo yokususa ukukopela ixhumanisa wena nabahleli (editors) abanekhono abangabuyekeza izingxenye eziphawuliwe ngendlela egcina incazelo yakho nezwi lakho, ngenkathi ihlangabezana namazinga okwangempela (originality standards) isikhungo sakho esiwadingayo.
Izici ezibalulekile ezisekela ukususa ukukopela ku-Plag zifaka:
- Imibiko yokufana esebenzisa imibala ekhombisa ngokucacile ukuthi yini edinga ukunakwa nokuthi kungani
- Izixhumanisi eziqondile kuya emithonjeni esekela yonke ingxenye ephawuliwe
- Ukwahlukanisa phakathi kokucaphuna okusemthethweni nokungasemthethweni, ukuze ama-referensi afanele angajeziswa
- Ukuthola ngesikhathi sangempela (real-time detection) ngokumelene nokuqukethwe okushicilelwe kusanda kufika emizuzwini eyi-10 edlule
- Isizindalwazi (database) esingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-80 zemibhalo yesayensi (scholarly articles) ukuze kube nokumboza kabanzi kwezemfundo
Thumela uqiniseka — umsebenzi wakho, wenziwe ngendlela efanele
Ukususa ukukopela ephepheni locwaningo akuwona umsebenzi wokugcina ngaphambi kokuhambisa — kuyingxenye yokwenza umsebenzi wezemfundo ngokuzibophezela. Uma uhlola iphepha lakho kusenesikhathi ngesikhathi uloba, kuba lula ukubhekana nokufana ngaphambi kokuba kuhlanganiseke kube yizinkinga ezinkulu. Uma unguthisha/umfundisi (educator), ungasebenzisa i-Plag mahhala njengengxenye yokuzibophezela kwethu ekuthembekeni kwezemfundo emhlabeni wonke.
